【CCL资料】CCL词汇系列（二十二）：Cancer 癌症,笔果英语微信公众号文章

往期链接：

如果说这个世界上不能治愈的病症--

癌症

这种病，

肯定算是人类最大的天敌

每次提到这两个字

可能周围的温度都要降低两度

怀着有点沉重的心情，

小柠檬想聊聊关于癌症的那些词汇

CCL词汇系列：

1. 涵盖笔果课程五大主题：

社会福利，法律，商业，教育及医疗

2. 词汇资料文章将包含简单的词汇的相关背景知识

3. 能帮助同学们更加了解

Australian context，

加深对词汇的记忆

Cancer

癌症

什么是癌症？

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.

abnormal cell	异常细胞
tumors	肿瘤
lump	肿块
abnormal bleeding	异常出血
prolonged cough	长期咳嗽
bowel movements	肠蠕动

是什么导致了癌症？

Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world, 15% of cancers are due to infections such as, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically, many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.

Tobacco use	抽烟
poor diet	不良饮食
excessive drinking of alcohol	过量饮酒
ionizing radiation	电离辐射
environmental pollutants	环境污染物
human immunodeficiency virus	人类免疫缺陷病毒
genes of a cell	细胞基因
inherited genetic defects	遗传缺陷

如何避免癌症？

Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat and avoiding too much sunlight exposure.

Vaccination	疫苗接种
processed and red meat	加工的红肉

主流治疗癌症的方法

Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment.

radiation therapy	放射治疗
chemotherapy	化疗
targeted therapy	靶向治疗
Pain and symptom management	疼痛及症状管理
Palliative care	姑息治疗