【CCL资料】CCL法律词汇系列（九）common charges 常见指控,笔果英语微信公众号文章

往期链接：

临近新年

充满着各种各样的新年愿望和节日气息

小柠檬也在这里祝大家

“顺利考过努力加分早日拿到身份”

Best wishes之外

大家也要加把劲背单词哦~

这期小柠檬继续带着大家来啃难啃的法律类单词

这次的主题是

common charges

常见指控

这里给大家分了几个大类

方便大家方便记忆哦~

CCL词汇系列：

1. 涵盖笔果课程五大主题：

社会福利，法律，商业，教育及医疗

2. 词汇资料文章将包含简单的词汇的相关背景知识

3. 能帮助同学们更加了解

Australian context，

加深对词汇的记忆

-1-

经济类犯罪

Money laundering

洗钱

Money laundering is the generic term used to describe the process by which criminals disguise the original ownership and control of the proceeds of criminal conduct by making such proceeds appear to have derived from a legitimate source.

original ownership	原始所有权
legitimate source	合法来源

Credit card fraud

信用卡欺诈

Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud committed using or involving a payment card, such as a credit card or debit card, as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction. The purpose may be to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account.

fraudulent source of funds	诈性资金来源
unauthorized funds	未经授权的资金

Credit card skimming

盗取信用卡信息

Credit card skimming is a type of credit card theft where thieves steal your card information then sell it or use it to make fraudulent purchases.

fraudulent

purchases

欺诈性购买

Blackmail 敲诈勒索

Blackmail is an act of coercion using the threat of revealing or publicizing either substantially true or false information about a person or people unless certain demands are met.

Act of coercion	胁迫行为
Revealing or publicizing	揭露或公开

Tax evasion 逃税

Tax evasion is an illegal activity in which a person or entity deliberately avoids paying a true tax liability. Those caught evading taxes are generally subject to criminal charges and substantial penalties.

entity deliberately avoids	故意逃避
evading taxes	逃税

Vandalism 破坏公物

Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property. The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner.

graffiti and

defacement

涂鸦和污损

Bribe 贿赂

A bribe is a sum of money or something valuable that one person offers or gives to another in order to persuade him or her to do something.

Embezzle 挪用公款,贪污

To secretly take money that is in your care or that belongs to an organization or business you work for

-2-

暴力类

Shoplift 商店盗窃

Shoplifting is the unnoticed theft of goods from an open retail establishment. Shoplifting typically involves a person concealing a store item on their person, in pockets, under clothes, or in a bag, and leaving the store without paying for it

open retail

establishment

开放的零售场所

Arson 纵火

Arson is the crime of willfully and maliciously setting fire to or charring property.

willfully and maliciously	故意、恶意
charring property	焚烧财务

Bag snatching 抢包

The crime of stealing someone's handbag, especially while they are still carrying it or while it is very close to them (eg stealing a bag from the passenger seat of a car while the car has stopped for traffic)

Burglary 入室盗窃

Burglary is an unlawful entry into a building or other location for the purposes of committing an offence.

-3-

家庭犯罪类

Child abuse 虐待儿童

All forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.

Emotional ill-treatment	情感虐待
Sexual abuse	性虐待
Negligent treatment	疏忽对待
Commercial or other exploitation	经济或其他剥削

Elder abuse 虐待老人

Elder abuse is an intentional act, or failure to act, by a caregiver or another person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult. (An older adult is defined as someone age 60 or older.)

Caregiver

照顾者

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毒品类

Substance abuse毒品滥用

Substance misuse is the harmful use of drugs or alcohol for non-medical purposes. Often associated with the use of illicit drugs, legal substances can also be misused, such as alcohol, prescription or over-the-counter medication,caffeine, nicotine and volatile substances (e.g. petrol, glue, paint).

prescription	处方药
over-the-counter medication	非处方药
caffeine	咖啡因
nicotine	尼古丁
volatile substances	挥发性物质

Illicit drug违禁毒品

Illicit drugs are substances that either stimulate (such as cocaine or amphetamines) or inhibit (such as heroin or sedative-hypnotics) the central nervous system or cause hallucinogenic effects (such as marijuana or LSD) to the effect that their use has been prohibited globally.

Stimulate	刺激
Cocaine	刺激
Amphetamines	安非他明
Inhibit	抑制
Heroin	海洛因
sedative-hypnotics	镇静催眠药
central nervous system	中枢神经系统
hallucinogenic effects	幻觉效应
marijuana	大麻
LSD	迷幻药

Drug trafficking 贩卖

Drug trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws.

Cultivation	种植
Manufacture	生产
Distribution	销售

-5-

其他类

Harassment 骚扰

Harassment covers a wide range of behaviors of an offensive nature. It is commonly understood as behavior that demeans, humiliates or embarrasses a person, and it is characteristically identified by its unlikelihood in terms of social and moral reasonableness.

Demeans	贬低
Humiliates	羞辱
Embarrasses	使人难堪

Sexual assault 性侵犯

Sexual assault is an act in which a person intentionally sexually touches another person without that person's consent, or coerces or physically forces a person to engage in a sexual act against their will

Consent	同意
physically forces	强迫

Infringe on someone's intellectual property right 侵犯某人知识产权

An intellectual property infringement is the infringement or violation of an intellectual property right. There are several types of intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and industrial designs.