The proportion of renters has increased as property prices have boomed, with data collected by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare showing one-quarter of all households were renting from a private landlord in 2011-12, up from 18 per cent in 1994-95.

National Shelter executive director Adrian Pisarski said while the mortgage default rate was relatively low, those in the rental market were struggling with ever-rising costs.

· mortgage default rate 房贷违约率

· ever-rising 一直增长的

"Housing is the biggest household cost and renters don't get any relief," he said. "They face the choice between long and expensive commutes or living somewhere they cannot afford.Whatever choice they make they end up with not enough incometo live a reasonable life."

· commute 通勤

· end up with 以……为结束

Middle income renters who are saving for a deposit on a home tend to snap up the less expensive properties, putting pressure on lower income households to move further beyond the city fringes.

· deposit 订金（注意查询其他含义）

· snap up 抢购

· city fringes 城市边缘

"The problem with rental affordability isit's now really dividing our cities," Mr Pisarski said.

• divide 使…分开；使…不和，产生差异

Of the index's top five most affordable areas in the greater Sydney region, Mount Druittand Silverdale were the closest to the central business district, although still a commute of more than 50km.

Mr Pisarski said the lack of affordable housing near jobs and services affected productivity.

· housing 住房

· affect 影响（effect 效果）

· productivity 生产力

"If hundreds of thousands of people are having to commute long distances, that puts pressure on public transport,it clogs up the roads, it sucks up time and efficiency," he said.

· hundreds of thousands of 成百上千的

· clog up 堵塞

National Shelter is advocating for national strategy whereby governments could transfer social housing to the community housing sector,allowing them to maximise their capacity to borrow funds and invest morein creating affordable homes.

• whereby = by which 凭借

Community Sector Banking head of business Joe Sheehan said Australia needs 180,000 new affordable houses to be built every year simply to keep up with demand.

• keep up with 跟上

"There is now every chance yourchildren may never own their own home," he said. "It is a dismal out look. All we are hearing from the housing not-for-profit sectoris that there is a real urgency to act now."

· there is now every chance 如今很有可能

· a dismal outlook 令人丧气的前景

· not-for-profit 非盈利的

· urgency 紧迫

NSW Councilof Social Service deputy chief executive John Mikelsons said recent figures showing that the list for social housing had plateaued at 59,000applicants waiting up to 10 years revealed the entrenched nature of the housing shortage in NSW.

· plateau at 增长并稳定在

· entrenched 根深蒂固的

"In Sydney, Australia's most expensive housing market, the numbers are particularly bad," he said.

"New thinking is desperately needed to reduce the crisis numbers of people waiting to access social housing. Astable roof over your head is a basic need. We know without one, people find italmost impossible to get and keep a job, to send their kids to school or accessservices like healthcare."

· desperately 极度地；拼命地

· access 获取（注意查询该词其他含义）

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