2018年的3月,上帝接连带走了纪梵希、霍金和李敖三位大师。感慨这世上,没有人能逃得过岁月的流逝。但他们的作品并不会被世人遗忘。
今天借怀缅李敖大师的机会,小编带大家一起盘点中国近代的诸位文学大家。除了优美的中文之外,看他们如何在英文中表达他们的一腔豪情,从另一个角度体会他们别样魅力。
“嘴上骂我吹牛的人,
心里都为我供了牌位。”
3月18日上午,被称为“一代狂生”的台湾著名作家李敖病逝。有人说他“恃才傲物”,有人说他“傲气逼人”。但是,当我们看到他在狱中写给女儿的信时,却会发现,他还有着作为父亲温情无比的一面。
李敖一生中曾经三次入狱。1971年,他第二次入狱时,当时他的女儿李文只有七岁。狱中的他给女儿写了很多封信,其中很多篇幅都在教女儿英语:
《理发匠就是外科医生,外科医生就是理发匠》
亲爱的小文:
你有没有按头发的颜色,把班上的同学分一下?金发碧眼是blonde,褐色是brunette,浅黄色是towhead,红色是redhead。发型是hairdo,发针(发夹)是hairpin。
中国人描写生气,气得头发把帽子顶起来,叫“怒发冲冠”(so angry that the hair stands up and tips off the hat);气得头发像指头一样立起来,叫“发指”(so angry that the hair rises)。英文中这类字眼,不是描写生气而是描写害怕,a hair-raising story 或 The tales of the jungle made our hair stand on end 都是写害怕,有中文“毛发悚然”的意思。
没有头发叫秃子(baldhead、baldy、baldie),只脑门上秃叫 as bald as a coot,有一句名言是:
Opportunity has hair in front but is bald behind.(机会——前面有发后面秃。)意思就是一失掉机会,就抓也抓不住了——秃秃的,怎么抓?这句名言出自《伊索寓言》(Aesop's Fables),伊索是二千六百年前希腊的一名奴隶(a Greek slave),这本书非常好,你要看看,像小孩子喊:“狼来了!狼来了!”(Wolf!Wolf!)像“狗占马槽”(dog in the manger“占着茅坑不拉屎”)……都是这本书里的故事。
中国人骂和尚叫“贼秃”“秃驴”(“指着和尚骂贼秃”),美国人叫知识分子叫“蛋头”(egghead),蛋和光头不是很像吗?假发叫wig,英国的法官都戴假发,难看死了。
给女人做头发的叫 hairdresser,给男人理发的叫 barber,英国古时代理发匠就是外科医生,外科医生就是理发匠,直到四百年前国王亨利第八(Henry Ⅷ)出来,才订法律把 barber surgeon 分开,但仍许理发的给人放血(bloodletting)和拔牙,却不准外科医生给人刮脸了。现在理发店(barbershop)门口有活动的柱子,叫 barber 或 barbers pole,就是以前给病人放血后的绷带,如今已变成理发店的招牌了。打棒球时,故意投球从 batter 的脸边擦过,好像给人刮脸一样,这种 bitcher 叫 barber。
爸爸 1973年11月4日
信中的李敖与《李敖自传》中的他是那么不同。这样柔情、温暖、风趣、有耐心的父亲不能更圈粉!
再来一篇,感受李敖反差魅力的同时学一学地道英语表达~
《纸上谈钱》
亲爱的小文:
九岁生日姥姥给你五块钱,你怎么花的?还是藏了起来,变成一个小财迷(money-mad)?
美国的钱,一分(cent)叫 penny,一分没有叫 penniless,就是“一贫如洗”、“穷光蛋”。Turn an honest penny 是正正当当地挣钱。Penny pincher 是小器(气)鬼(miser)。Penny-wise and pound-foolish 是“省小的花大的”、“省小钱吃大亏”、“贪小失大”。A penny saved is a penny gained 是“省一文就赚一文”。
Take care of the pence,and the pounds will take care of themselves.
是“注意小钱,大钱便会自己注意自己”,也是“小事注意,大事自成”的意思。Penny 虽是小钱,但 a pretty penny 却是很多钱,如 Their car must have cost them a pretty penny.(他们那辆车一定花了他们一大笔钱)。
一分下来是五分,叫 nickel,跟五分有关的也有一个小器鬼,叫 nickel nurser。
十分叫一毛 dime,卖便宜东西的店叫“一毛商店”(dime store),也叫 five-and-dime、five-and-ten、five-and-ten-cent store、ten-cent store,“一毛一打”(a dime a dozen)的意思是太普通了、太多了、不值钱了,跟中文“车载斗量”“过江之鲫”“多如牛毛”等意思很近。Actors are a dime a dozen in the city 就是“城里演戏的车载斗量”的意思。
二十五分叫两毛五,就是一块钱的四分之一,所以叫 quarter,另外有三个词儿只是算的时候用,并没有这种角子:
一、bit 是两毛五的一半,121/2 cents
二、short bit 等于一毛
三、long bit 等于一毛五
五十分叫五毛,就是半块钱 half dollar、half-dollar、half-buck,一块钱(dollar)俗称很多,buck 最常用,buck 是“雄鹿”,雄鹿的眼睛叫buckeye,“橡树”的果像这眼睛,所以橡树就叫 buckeye,你住的州 Ohio 橡树最多,所以外号叫 Buckeye State(橡树州);而生在或住在这个州的人,外号就叫 Buckeye,所以你呀,小文,就叫 Buckeye。
爸爸 1973年10月7日晨
“所以你呀,小文,就叫Buckeye。”
不知道你有没有被李敖父亲的模样圈粉呢?
“A fall into the pit,
a gain in your wit.”
“A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.”
这句话是钱钟书先生的一句经典中文英译。钱钟书先生早年与妻子杨绛留学牛津,英文造诣有目共睹。当年钱钟书先生以数学15分、国文和英文几近满分的“偏科”成绩进入清华大学的轶闻已经成为美谈。
▲钱钟书先生的两句经典中文英译
小编找到了一封钱钟书先生写给外国友人的英文书信,下面咱们就一起读一读这封信,领略一下大师的英文风采吧!
My Dear Stuart,
亲爱的司徒亚
We are overjoyed at your generously long letter(1). We have been rather worried about you since your reticent Xmas card from Spain. We thought that yourindignation(2) at the Fascist terrors might have made you join the Spanish Republican army on leaving Oxford. In that case, the world would certainly gain a hero, but we might (O horrible thought!) lose a friend. You can imagine our relief to hear from you again.
收到你这封慷慨的长信,我们真是喜出望外。上次你从西班牙寄来的圣诞贺卡语焉未详,害得我们心里一直忐忑不安。我们以为,由于你对法西斯的恐怖行径出离愤怒,或许会在牛津毕业后投入到西班牙共和军的队伍中。那样的话,世界会多一位英雄,而我们或许会(啊,多可怕的想法!)失去一位朋友。我们收到你的信时的宽慰你可想而知了。
P.S.这封信是钱钟书1938年留学巴黎时写给外国友人司徒亚的,后者是他在牛津大学的同院同学。
NOTES
indignation: 愤慨 reticent: 谨严的;含蓄的
(1) be overjoyed at 既非常生动地表达了“溢于言表的喜悦之情”,又很好地保持了一份“典雅精致的文风“。
(2) indignation的含义中有anger的意思,但是不同于anger的是indignation强调“这种愤怒并非出于个人的感情而是为了他人和集体”。
We are very, very sorry indeed to hear about your viva. We do hope that it will not beprejudicial to your chances of getting a job. As your favorite Walter Raleigh used to say, Oxford final schools and the Last Judgement are two examinations, not one. You are quite right to take the whole thing lightly(3).
关于你大学口语入学口试的事,我们感到十分遗憾。真希望它不会影响你找工作。正如你的Walter Raleigh曾说的,牛津的毕业考试不等于末日审判,它们是两种考试。你不把这事放在心上是对的。
NOTES
viva: [英国口语]口试 prejudicial: 引起偏见的
(3) take…lightly 意思是“不把……放在心上”
We shall be here for another four or five months yet(4). My scholarship expires this August, and we shall sail home in September. Not that we have homes to return to(5)! Our houses, spared by the shell-fire, have been looted and gutted of all their valuable contents. Our respective families have taken refuge in mountainshoneycombed with bandits. My wife lost her mother, and I myself have no prospect whatsoever of getting decent jobs in China. Still, one's lot is with one's own people; I don't mind roughing it a bit. The revolution of the Fortune's wheel might bring us up(6), and, as Goethe was fond of saying, abwarten Sie. You see, I spare my own patriotic heroics.
我们在这还要待四五个月。我的奖学金在八月到期,九月份我们将坐船回家。可不是因为我们有家可归!我们的房子虽免于战火,但值钱的家当被洗劫一空。我们俩各自的家庭也都在满是土匪的山上寻求避难之处。我的妻子失去了她的母亲,我对自己在中国找到体面的工作也不抱任何希望。但个人的命运是和民族的命运连在一起的。我并不介意生活得艰苦一些。会时来运转的,像歌德常说的abwarten Sie(德语,等待吧)。你看,我就不说那些爱国主义豪言壮语了。
NOTES
looted: 被洗劫 gutted:被掠夺一空
honeycombed:如蜂巢般 bandits:土匪
(4) yet表明了“还有、还要”的意思,一个简单的词儿就使得这层意思活灵活现地表达了出来。
(5) 这句话强调了“我们没有家回”。
(6) bring us up很生动地表达了“生活有起色”的意思,富有动态。
Yes, my clairvoyant Stuart, I have been working entirely on my own. I have tried to read French literature systematically downwards, beginning with Villon, and already got as far as the mid-nineteenth century. I have also laboriously tackled the German romantics. I am reading Taine's novel Graindorge and Novalis's Fragmente. Besides, I have not neglected my English and Chinese studies. I am reading——no, I am not going to tell you my reading debauches. This paragraph reads already like a snippetfrom that model letter of a schoolboy to his parents ("or parent according to circumstances") in Anstey's Vice Versa.
得承认,你很有远见。我目前完全在自学。我在系统地用心读法国文学,从维龙开始,已经读到十九世纪中期。我也在费力地啃一些德国小说。我在读泰纳的 Graindorge和诺瓦利斯的《哲学片段》。此外,我也并未荒废英语和汉语的学习。我在看——不,我还是不告诉你我纵情阅读的内容了。这段文字读来已然像是摘自Anstey的Vice Versa《父亲的教训》中小学生给父母的(或其中之一的,视情况而定)范例书信了。
NOTES
clairvoyant:千里眼的;有洞察力的 debauches:纵情声色 snippet:片段
The baby is burstingly fat(7). She already boasts of six teeth (each tooth meaing a week or so of worries and sleeplessness on her part as well our own). She is very naughty and mutinous and self-willed, altogether an ugly customer to deal with. She will be able to walk a little next month.
小宝宝胖得要爆了。她已经了不起地有六颗牙了(每颗牙都代表我们和她一个星期左右的忧虑和失眠)。她淘气,叛逆,任性,整个一个难伺候的主。下个月她就会走路了。
NOTES
mutinous:反叛的;暴动的
(7) burstingly可以说是十分传神了。
You are a disquieting feller(8), my dear Stuart. You always give me the impression of some impending catastrophe. Why this sudden "treachery" to your "former interests"? You seem to have a "gout trop facilement degoute". Your mind seems to slough its idea as frequently as the snakes their skins. No doubt you will call me smug andincorrigible. Do keep me abreast of your lastest developments(9).
亲爱的Stuart,,你是个不让人放心的家伙。你总给人一种大难临头的感觉。这次你对“旧的爱好”的“叛变”是怎么回事?仿佛你有种gout trop facilement degoute(法语,有种爱改变口味的习惯),你摆脱旧想法的频率犹如蛇蜕皮。无怪乎你称我是不可一世又不可救药。请务必要让我知道你的最新进展。
NOTES
catastrophe:骤然而来的大灾难 slough:蜕掉 incorrigible:不可救药
(8) 这里没有用fell来表达,而是用了一个源于fell的“feller”,活泼生动地表达了意义。
(9) abreat of 是一个表达“同步、同心”的很新颖的用法。
My wife sends you her best wishes, to which I say ditto. Write to me at your earliest convenience.
我妻子与我一并奉上最美好的祝愿。期待你早日来信。
ditto:同上
Yours ever,
你永远的,
Chung-shu Tchi'ien
钱锺书
P.S. My wife wants me to tell you that the baby is really "her father's daughter". She loves nothing so much as books——to tear and nibble at, certainly not to read. She has already destroyed a German primer, not to mention innumberable tradesmen's circulars and booklets. She throws away her toys to grab at the books we happen to be reading.
又:我妻子让我告诉你,小宝宝颇有“其父之风”,最爱的就是书——撕或咬,绝不是为了读。她已毁掉一本德语入门书,更不要说不可计数的商家传单和手册。当我们读书时,她常扔掉手上的玩具,来抓我们的书。
信中的钱钟书先生在提到自己的小宝宝时也是那样温情款款,真实而打动人心。
“三日不读书,便觉
语言无味,面目可憎。”
A scholar who hasn't read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.
这是林语堂读书的座右铭。译自宋人黄山谷:三日不读书,便觉语言无味,面目可憎。换成白话文就是:三天不读书,智商输给猪!说到林语堂,他和英语的联系就更为大家所熟知了。他是一位著名的翻译家,他向西方介绍中国,向中国介绍西方。有人说:学了英文不读林语堂,是一种遗憾。的确是这样。
1976年,林语堂去世时,《纽约时报》这样评价:
他的《吾国与吾民》获得美国《外交》杂志极高的赞誉:
One of the most important and satisfactory books yet written in English on the character, life and philosophy of the Chinese people.
这是介绍中国人的性格、生活、哲学最重要、最令人满意的英文著作之一。
他有着许多经典的翻译:
We must have an attitude of expecting neither too much nor too little from life.
对待生活,我们必须有这样一种态度:不能期待太多,也不能太少。
“It has seemed to me that the final test of any civilization is, what type of husbands and wives and fathers and mothers does it turn out.”
评价一个文明的最终标准是,这个文明造就什么样的丈夫、妻子、父亲和母亲。
他热爱读书:
读书好比流水,遇岩壁则绕之,遇低谷则徘徊逗留,遇山涧深潭则驻足,遇湍流之处则急行。
When water strikes a granite cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself travelling over rapids, it hurries forward.
他喜欢陶渊明的《归去来兮辞》,忍不住把它翻译成了英文。
悟已往之不谏,知来者之可追。实迷途其未远,觉今是而昨非。
Fret not over bygones and the forward journey take. Only a short distance have I gone astray, and I know today I am right, if yesterday was a complete mistake.
他倡导”闲适“的哲学:
I don't think that, from the point of view of human culture and happiness, there have been more significant inventions in the history of mankind... than the inventions of smoking, drinking and tea.
人类三大幸事,莫过于发明了喝酒、抽烟、饮茶。
他不是鲁迅那样的战士:
“毋庸置疑,在国难当头之日,我拥有中国最闲适作家的头衔,因而也是最不可原谅的。”
“Now I have the indisputable reputation of being the most leisurely of leisurely writers in China and therefore the most unforgivable, “while we are living in this period of national humiliation.”
跟着这样的大师学英语,也是一次思想的进化
有时候,透过英语去看文学大家,会发现真实的他们,不一样的他们。你在学英语的过程中,“师从”过哪些名家呢?欢迎留言分享!
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