今天大西瓜的Phoebe老师给大家带来：

RA复杂从句如何断？从关联词来区分它！

RA 断句，一遇到稍微复杂的从句就难以理解，断不出意群，只能读到“断气”？

今天Phoebe 老师和学籽们一起看看，传说中的从句到底是个什么神仙语法，真的那么晦涩难懂吗？

主要分析下引导从句的关联词 that， which，where，who ，whom and whose的区别用法。

👉今天先讲一下that 和which的区别：

1. that和which在从句中都可以做成分， 都可以做主语和宾语，但做宾语时都可以省略，

The training of an actor is an intensive process which requires curiosity, courage and commitment. You will learn how to prepare for rehearsal, how to rehearse and how to use independent and proactive processes that inform you to do the best work possible for both stage and screen.

在此句中that，which就在从句中做了主语的成分， 所以不可以省略。

Globalization has affected what we eat in ways we are only beginning to understand.

在此句中就是典型的省略that/which的结构，understand 缺少宾语的成分，所以可以省略关联词。

2. 强调一下，几个 只能用which 的情况

→介词+which

The Japanese tea ceremony is a ritual tour influenced by Buddhism in which green tea is prepared and served to a small group of guests in a peaceful setting.

→当先行词是表原因或方式的时候的名词时， 可用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which， 并且that也是可以省略的

Globalization has affected what we eat in ways we are only beginning to understand.

最典型的例子，仍然是这句，可以看到先行词是ways 表方式，所以that 可以省略。

👉下面我们接着讲下which 和where 的用法区别：

1. 一般来说， where在引导定语从句时，必须要满足2个条件：

1）当先行词是地点时，

2） where引导的从句要做状语的成分，

这时，介词+ which 就相当于where，

Other areas where species is not meant to be seen are plain pale green, with pale green hatching where records are usually sparse.

在此句中，这里的where 相当于in which。

2. 特殊情况，

1）where 所指代的先行词并不是地点

There are examples of cases where workers were engaging in sexual or racial harassment, but were protected by their unions and allowed to keep their jobs.

在此句中，先行词是cases，表示案例或情况，仍然用where引导，表示在“这种情况中”，在句子中做状语。

通过此特例可知，当先行词是抽象意义的地方时， 可以由where来引导定语错句，但在从句中要做状语的成分。

2）where 在状语从句的句首，也含有条件的意味

Where there is a will, there is a way.

👉最后讲一下who, whom, whose 的用法：

1. who在从句中，它的先行词只能指人

Who do you think is the most glamorous person? A biotechnologist who led his company in international research, an ordinary welder who gained international fame through his work, or a photographer complimented widely for a series of photos?

此句就是典型的who前面的先行词是人的例子

2. whom 和whose 如何使用，用简单的句子拆分就可以实现；

She is the girl whom I met yesterday.

可拆成：she is the girl. I met the girl (whom).

所以此处用whom, whose 同理。

好啦，对用引导从句的关系代词和关系副词就简单介绍到这里， 再遇到RA中长难句就会更加清晰的划分句子结构，快速找到断句，化繁为简啦。