上一章我们说了连读吞音的技巧:30天自学PTE | 【第五章】10分钟掌握洋气发音——RA的真正秘诀,对应的是PTE中的Read Aloud题型,同时也是所有口语题目高分的基础。今天我们进入到更难题型的技巧。
在涉及听力的题型中,类似于Repeat Sentence,或者Retell Lecture,Summarize spoken text,要求同学们听懂之后快速记录。除了听力功底之外,还要具备“速记”技巧。
今天我们来学速记笔记的记法。总体上来说,速记符号主要有以下几类 :
一、保留大写字母或第一音节
E:Economy
Edu:Education
C:Culture
P:Politics
H:Health
T:Tourism
En:Environment
I:Industry
A:Agriculture
AD: Advertisement
APT: Apartment
ACC: Accountant
CO.: Company
DISC: Discount
EXCH: Exchange
EXT: Extent
REF: Reference
SEC: Section
INFO:information
INS:insurance
K: Korea
SD: Sweden
SW: Switzerland
二、拿掉元音
ADV: Advice
AMT: Amount
ACPT: Accept
ACDG: According
BLDG: Building
DEPT: Department
MKT: market
MGR: manager
MSG: message
PLS: Please
STD: standard
RCV: receive
RM:room
PL:people
MDL: Model
TKS: Thanks
TRF:Traffic
WT: Weight
WK:week
XL: Extra large
三、简略缩写
AFAC : as far as … is concerned( 就 …… 而言 )
LFT : look forward to ( 期待 )
ASAP : as soon as possible( 尽快 )
AMAP:As much/many as possible
IOU:I owe you
I/O:In stead of
四、长单词的处理办法
-ism 简写为 m 例如:socialism: Sm
-tion 简写为 n 例如:standardization (标准化): stdn
-cian 简写为 o 例如:technician: techo
-ing 简写为 g 例如:marketing (市场营销): MKTg
-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted: acptd
-ment 简写为 mt 例如:amendment: amdmt
-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如:available: avbl
-ful 简写为 fl 例如:meaningful: mnfl
五、图像
⊕ 高兴,同意,满意等,如: happy , pleased , satisfied , agree…
◎ 悲伤,生气,不满,不同意等,如: sad , angry , irritated , unsatisfied , sorrowful , discomfort , disagree…
⊙ 会议,如 conference , meeting , seminar , symposium…
□ 国家,地区,如:中国:□ C ,俄国:□ R
☆ 重要, 如:important, exemplary, best, outstanding,brilliant
六、符号
﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如:happy , male , agree , many , +2=more , +3=most , beneficial , good , beautiful , great , gorgeous…; ++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级more;+3 表示“多”的最高级most
-悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如:sad , female , disagree , little , few , -2=less , -3=least , lack of , short of… lack ,in short of, be in shortage of
√同意,正确等,如: agree , correct , right, good, famous, well-known, support, certain, affirmative…
×不同意,错误,坏等,如: disagree , incorrect,wrong, incorrect, something bad, notorious, negative …
↑增长,进步等,如: increase , soar , mushroom , rocket , make progress…
↓下降,退步,恶化等,如 decrease , sink , slide , subside , plump , plunge , drop , degrade , deteriorate…
>多于,超过,比 …… 低一级等,如: more than , greater than , bigger than , better than , superior to , surpass , transcend , overtake…
<少于,比 …… 低级等,如: less than , lower than , smaller than , inferior to…
∧ 转折,如:but, yet, however
~大约,如: approximately , about , around , some , nearly , almost , similar to, or so, approximately…
/否定,清除,如: clear , settle , solve , tackle , conquer , eliminate , extinct…
≠与 …… 不同,如: differ from , different from , distinct , unique…
= 表示“同等”,如:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to
$ 金钱,利益,如: interest , benefit , money , fund , capital…
( ) 表示“在......之间”,如:among, within...
& 表示“和”,“与”, 如:and, together with, along with, accompany, along with,further more
七、标点
? 问题,麻烦,障碍,如: question , issue , difficult , hardship , barrier , obstacle…
: 主观想法和说辞,如: think , consider , speak , say , talk , mark , announce , declare , hope ,例: repeat 或 reaffirm 可以用 :2 来替代,声明支持可以用 + :来替代,谴责用 - :
. 表时间前后,如:去年. y;明年 y .;后天 d ..,前天.. d; 两周后 w .. ; .y表示last year; .2m 表示two month ago
八、实战举例
题目:
“女士们,先生们,尊贵的来宾们:
今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎,希望你们在今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。 ”
参考答案:
-/+ , VIP ,
d ,⊕代 BJ Uni all wel US Edu dele , :w 。。,⊕□ C
想要顺利做笔记并且做到融会贯通使用这些小标记,一是要在平时多多练习;另外也要总结出一套自己的标记。这样在运用的时候才能得心应手哦~
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