LAB 25周年精品集 | “开放之城” 南京下关城市设计,LAB 25 +微信公众号文章

中国南京

Nanjing, China

用地面积：246 公顷

Site area

建筑面积：4,200,000 平方米

Gross floor area

项目类型：可持续发展总体规划

Type：sustainable masterplan

位于南京下关的开放之城，其设计愿景是结合新兴的想法和机遇去开发一个走在时代前端的城市中心，并使其成为新型可持续发展城市中心的典范。以创造良好社区的公共空间、独特的区域和邻里空间、多样化的居住形式和工作空间、多变的城市肌理。

对于下关未来的展望，将是一个集六大特性于一身的开放之城。

多样性；适应性；创新性；成功性；易达性；耐受性。

The design vision of Nanjing Xiaguan Open City is to combine emerging ideas and opportunities to develop an urban center that is at the forefront of the times and make it a model of a new sustainable urban center. To create a good community of public space, unique areas and neighborhood spaces, diversified living forms and working spaces, and changeable urban texture.

Thevision of xiaguan as an “open city” has 6 key characteristics:

diverse, flexibile, creative, successful, accessibile, robust.

多中心之城－一个中国城市未来发展的典范与先锋、在城市的中心区域将绿色与蓝色的生态环境相互交织、江畔，如同穿越时间与空间的旅行营造一个全新的场地感。

The polycentric city,a leading model of urban renewal for china'sfuture cities,Intertwined green, blue ecologies at the heart of sustainable urban precincts, The river as journey through time, space,creating a new sense of place.

我们对南京下关的构想，并非是空想，而是一次与城市开发者、城市规划者、设计师们长期而有深远意义的对话。在这样的前提下，通过对现有规划进行论证和修正，而并非重新规划。着重包括以下几点：增加各种类型的城市连接形式；增加第二个城市中心，将零散的城市脉络，转型成为多中心城市分区目标；多个服务设施与活动中心，构成一个框架系统；最大限度地增值河岸区域的经济价值；创造出多种尺度的城市空间结构，取代单一的、重复的城市框架。

Our vision for Nanjing Xiaguan is not a fantasy, but a long-term and far-reaching dialogue with urban developers, urban planners, and designers. Under such a premise, the existing plan should be demonstrated and revised instead of re-planning. The focus includes the following points: increase various types of urban connection forms; increase a second city center, transform the scattered urban context into a multi-center city zoning target; multiple service facilities and activity centers form a framework system; the largest Increase the economic value of the riverside area to a limit; create a multi-scale urban spatial structure to replace a single, repeated urban framework.

勾勒城市天际线的方法往往是将重点放在一个地标建筑上——通常是最高的塔楼。我们方法却恰恰要避免这种将重点固定在单一的建筑单体上。相反，下关规划的概念形式是利用远近不同的层次来构筑出城市的天际线，当然沿河的建筑群也是起到了举足轻重的作用。这意味着所有的低层与中高层的建筑，以及沿河低层的建筑群都参与进来，携手共同构筑南京下关的城市天际线。由此也给将来进一步的城市开发以更多的发展空间、灵活性与自由度，那么那些单体建筑的设计师们也能获得更多的机会，将他们的创意与活力加入到下南京下关发展的大潮中来。

Approaches to new urban skylines often focus on a single iconic form, usually the tallest towe. Our approach avoids the fixation inherent in relying on a single architectural object. Instead, the urban form of our concept for Xiaguan builds up in layers of sculpted height, but also in riverfront proximity. This means that both low to medium height urban fabric and low level riverfront buildings contribute to the composite skyline. It also creates a spatial framework that allows forfuture development flexibility and the creativity of individual building designers in adding their voice to the new form of Xiaguan.

从江对岸观看的城市天际线

composite riverfront skyline

从东侧观看的城市天际线

cityelevation from east

一个好的城市规划应该是什么样子的？

单一的功能分区规划方式，使得20世纪的城市千篇一律，也使得城市失去其应有的活力。我们倡导城市规划应顺应城市发展的生态性，城市功能分区多样性增加，意味着城市活力的增强，并能提高城市在发展过程中的适应能力和应对变化的包容性。好的城市规划是一个彩色的像马赛克似的具有多样性的密度和使用功能。综合的城市混合体创造了更大的活力和适合居住性。

按照混合功能发展是该方案的基本考量，目的是提升生活品质，强调地域特征，服务城市肌理，并提供长期可持续发展。

在整个规划中的大型混合土地使用尝试包括：

增加混合使用的土地面积以提升开发潜力；
在混合使用区域内增加功能的多样性；
创造更细分的土地开发单元以提高开发的多样性；
创造提供新工作和休闲娱乐活动的21世纪城市形态；

提供多样的商业/商务/办公/工作室/休闲娱乐以及住宅空间。

What does a good city plan look like?

The segregated zoning techniques of the20th century with separate and single use zonings drain the city of its vital DNA. We champion the current innovative concept of cities as ecologies innature, the greater their diversity the more robust they are, and the increased ability to adapt and to accommodate changes. Good city plans are a coloured mosaic of diverse densities and uses; complex urban mix creates greater vitality and increases livability.

The approach of mixed-use development is an essential aspect to this proposal. It aims to enhance quality of life and character of place and contributes to patterns of development that provide long term sustainability.

The greater mix of land uses within the overall planning approach attempts to:

increase the designated mixed use areas to provide greater development potential.
increase the variety of functions allowed within the mixed use zones.
create some smaller land development parcels to increase development variety.
create appropriate urban form for new work and leisure practice of the 21st century.
provide a diverse range of retail, commercial, office, ,studio, leisure, and entertainment and residential spaces.

生态系统= 生物和环境间的共存关系。生物系统包括水系统、土地和植物。

总体规划的设计概念来源于基地现有传统的平面组织形态和规划。首要的是理解城市主要结构的基础设施，将其作为一个独立存在的可持续发展系统网络。

景观和开敞空间的特点有：

增加自然景观、水体和生态公园的入口和接触面，以使得更多的人们可以接近到开敞空间、生态公园和水体
公共空间与当地品种不同季节性的植物系统相结合布置
当地物种的植物沿街和用地边缘布置，以增加遮荫物
建筑朝向和所有开敞空间的布置均考虑良好的自然通风和自然采光

建筑的棕色和绿色屋顶规划布置。棕色屋顶是生态系统的一部分，包括一系列不同的天然材料。绿色屋顶则是在高密度区域增加的文化和娱乐空间，改善隔热性能和雨水收集功能，同时美观屋顶立面效果。

Ecology = relationship of organisms between each other and the environment where these organisms exist. The organisms in this sense include systems of water, land and vegetation.

The conception of the concept plan's systems is founded on establishing a holistic approach to the site's organization and planning. Priority is given to understanding the infrastructure systems and amenity of the main urban structure as an inter-dependent network of sustainable systems.

The landscape and open space provision features the following:

increase access, urban interface and amenity to the cultivated landscape, waterways and ecology park, allowing more people to have proximity to open spaces, ecology parks and water,
articulated public spaces overplayed with vegetation systems comprising of local species that evolve with the seasons,
robust themed planting with local species being deployed to create canopies and shelters along the streets and edge of the site,
orientate building massing and location of all open spaces to allow good natural ventilation and natural sunlight.

A system of both brown and green roofs has been planned throughout the site. The brown roofs are part of the creation of active ecological systems including composting a variety of organic matter, the green roofs provide additional cultivation and recreation surfaces in high density areas, improving water retention and insulation performance as well as creating visual amenities across the roof scape of the site.