【中英双语全球财经新闻周推送】|韩进海运倒闭！苹果被罚130亿欧元！日本吉坤控股和东燃通用石油合并！本周你错过了什么？,DNC澳洲求职微信公众号文章

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全球财经新闻

周推送

Hanjin shipping collapse in South Korea leaves freight stranded, portends weakening global economy

韩进海运倒闭震动全球海运业

The collapse of a South Korean freight shipping line is starting to cause chaos and confusion at major ports around the Asia-Pacific region.

Hanjin — which is the seventh-biggest shipping company in the world — went into receivership late last week after its creditors rejected a restructuring plan.

With creditors - including the state-run Korea Development Bank - in hot pursuit, Hanjin has filed for bankruptcy protection.

韩国海运公司的破产已经在亚太地区的各港口造成了一定程度的混乱，震动了全球海运业，也使全球经济复苏情况受到质疑。

韩国韩进海运公司是世界第七大海运公司，上周五韩国债权团一致否决了韩进海运的自救方案(约5000亿韩元)，目前进入法院接管程序。

韩进海运公司额债券团，包括韩国发展银行已让韩进公司申请了破产保护。

延伸

韩进海运已于8月31日通过理事会申请法院接管，打破了韩国大企业不会破产的大马不死神话。考虑到韩进海运多达5.6万亿韩元(负债比率1076%)的负债规模，起死回生的可能性不大。众多韩进的货船被禁止从韩国主要港口釜山向外运送货物，与此同时，该公司的船只已被美国、中国、加拿大、西班牙等国家的港口拒之门外。码头运营商、港口、货物处理公司、货车司机等各方已拒绝处理韩进海运的货物，因为不清楚能否获得付款。韩进海运申请破产保护令美国货主面临巨大挑战，韩进海运为美国市场承运约7.8%的泛太平洋航运贸易。

观点

"the Hanjin crisis underscores the soft outlook for global trade and over capacity in the container shipping market."

"At the same time, the growth of international trade has slowed considerably, so there really isn't the cargo to fill all of these vessels."

"The world economy did come out of the financial crisis but it's growth has been fairly weak, so it's simply bad forecasting."

——Analyst and author Mark Levinson

"They would be carrying a variety of cargoes: furniture, electronics, any consumables"

"It gives a very bad indication of the state of the shipping industry."

——Australian ANL's managing director John Lyons

Europe to hit Apple with its 'largest tax penalty' ever

史上最大税务罚款：欧盟裁定苹果非法逃税130亿欧元

The European Commission made a decision that Apple should pay €13 billion of corporate income taxes (plus interest) to Ireland as reimbursement of illegal state aid.

欧盟委员会裁定，苹果公司(Apple Inc. )在爱尔兰非法逃税130亿欧元(约合145亿美元)，现在苹果必须要这部分税金返还给爱尔兰政府。

延伸

经过了2年多的调查，欧盟委员会竞争专员玛格莉特·维斯塔格(Margrethe Vestager)宣布了欧盟的这一确定。维斯塔格在一份声明中称，欧盟委员会发现爱尔兰政府违反了国家补助规定，与苹果签署了非法的税收优惠协议，让苹果逃避了大量税金。苹果在一份声明中称，有信心赢得上诉。苹果称，欧盟委员会的决定无视爱尔兰的税收法，颠覆了国际税收系统。有观点认为，这是美国和欧盟贸易摩擦的一个体现。

涨知识

为什么欧盟竞争委员会会出手？
爱尔兰是欧盟成员国，成员国之间实施的是单一市场政策，很多管理规范和重要的政府功能都是在欧盟层面运作，由欧盟委员会实施。但是，欧盟境内的税收又是由各成员国自行处理。
所以许多跨国公司利用这样的特点，将欧盟总部设在公司所得税税率只有 12.5% 的爱尔兰，合法避税。

虽然欧盟没有统一的税收管理机构，但有统一的反垄断机构，归欧盟竞争委员会管理。这个机构主要工作就是打击国家垄断，保证欧盟境内的公平竞争。所以，欧盟限制成员国向个别公司提供资助。
不过近年来，欧盟竞争委员会认为，和个别公司达成优惠税收交易，也是非法资助的一种形式。

他们还列出了一个数字，苹果的实际纳税占全球收益的比重，已经从 2003 年的 1% 下降到了 2014 年的 0.005% 。
不过，对于这个指控，库克在公开信里完全不承认，「我们从来没要求任何税务优惠，也没有得到过这样的优惠。」

爱尔兰为什么不想要苹果的钱？
爱尔兰政府当然也想要 145 亿美元的意外之财，但他们更想细水长流，不愿竭泽而渔。
爱尔兰只有 640 万人口，地理上稍偏僻，历史上经济发展就一直停滞不前。
都柏林是一座精致的城市，居民主要讲英语，多数受过很好的教育，是个做生意的好地方。
近几十年来，借助在促进总部经济方面的努力，当地经济发生了可喜的变化。

一定程度上来说，公司税征收体制是爱尔兰的经济政策的基石，也吸引了谷歌和 Facebook 来到都柏林。
但是经过这次的苹果事件后，欧盟可能会考虑要求成员国实施更加一致的企业所得税政策。对于爱尔兰来说，这是显而易见的威胁，所以必然会选择抵制。
就像爱尔兰财政部长说的，“不这样做的话，无异于杀鸡取卵”。

Japan's JX Holdings, TonenGeneral to merge via share swap

日本炼油商吉坤控股和东燃通用石油达成合并协议

JX Holdings and TonenGeneral Sekiyu KK have reached a final agreement on Wednesday to pursue integration of their energy businesses via a share exchange, the Japanese companies said in a joint statement.

日本炼油商吉坤控股和东燃通用石油在上周三就合并事宜达成最终协议，以股权交换的方式进行整合、合并两家能源企业。

行业剖析

siness resources of their company groups and carrying out intensive business reforms” amid challenging operating conditions in Japan and elsewhere.

两个公司合并意在于通过新的商业合作而达到商业利益最大化以应对现在日本以及其他地区及具挑战的能源业经济情况。

“Demand for petroleum products in Japan has declined by about 23% over the past 10 years. With the decreasing population, the growth of fuel-efficient vehicles and the shift to gas, electric power and other types of energy, the decline is expected to continue at a rate of around 2% per year,” the companies said.

在过去的10年中，汽油等成品油及其周边产品的需求已经下降了23%。再加之现在日本人口的减少，环保清洁能源和可再生能源的普及，炼油商面临的经营环境越来越严峻，对于汽油能源的需求也许将持续下滑2%。

“Meanwhile, overseas, demand for petroleum and petrochemical products is increasing in China, India and other Asian countries; however, there are already large-scale plants in Korea and elsewhere, and the construction of new or additional, highly cost-competitive plants is anticipated in developing countries as well.

同时，就海外市场而言，汽油等成品油的需求在中国、印度以及亚洲其他国家成增长趋势。然而在韩国等地已有大规模的新的炼油工厂。成本的竞争在发展中国家亦是非常激烈。

评论：

双方将通过合并巩固经营基础，还将研究对炼油厂等生产设备进行调整，力争改善经营状况。

Yum Brands Is Selling a Stake in Its China Business for $460 Million

百胜中国获春华资本、蚂蚁金服4.60亿美元战略投资

KFC and Pizza Hut owner Yum Brands said Chinese investment firm Primavera Capital and an affiliate of Alibaba Group Holding BABA will buy a stake in Yum China for $460 million as part of a planned spinoff of the business.

Primavera will invest $410 million and Ant Financial, which runs Alibaba’s Alipay mobile payments platform, $50 million, Yum Brands said on Friday.

The spinoff and completion of the Primavera and Ant Financial investments are expected on Oct. 31, with Yum China to begin trading on the New York Stock Exchange as an independent company on Nov. 1.

在中国经营肯德基和必胜客克的百盛中国近期获得了春华资本和阿里巴巴旗下金融企业蚂蚁金服的总共4.6亿美元的投资。

春华资本投资4.1亿美元，蚂蚁金服（全球领先的在线和移动金融服务提供商，拥有被广泛使用的支付宝移动支付平台）投资5千万美元，共同注资百盛中国。

百胜中国业务的分拆上市和春华资本及蚂蚁金服的投资预计将于2016年10月31日同步完成。之后，百胜中国将从2016年11月1日开始以独立公司身份在纽约证券交易所上市交易，代码为“YUMC”

观点

胡祖六表示：“通过这一合作，目标是帮助百胜中国为旗下品牌提供移动支付服务。这些服务包括便捷的支付宝平台，这将大大减少消费者在餐厅排队的时间;而会员计划则可以帮助百胜中国更好地管理顾客关系以及进行市场推广。”

蚂蚁金融服务集团总裁井贤栋表示：“通过我们的大数据能力，肯德基和必胜客在蚂蚁金服的不同平台上的推广都取得了令人欣喜的效果。我们期待着与百胜中国更加紧密的合作。”

百胜中国首席执行官潘伟奇(Micky Pant)先生表示：“快速城镇化和数字化转型是推动中国经济发展的两大因素，所以我们十分高兴获得他们对百胜中国的投资。”

Eurozone Economy Slowed in August, Surveys Indicate

调查显示，8月欧元区经济增长放缓

The eurozone economy slowed slightly in August as Germany’s services sector faltered, according to surveys of purchasing managers that add to some recent evidence indicating the U.K.’s decision to leave the European Union may have taken a toll on the currency area’s modest recovery.

根据德国服务行业的数据调查显示，英国脱欧在一定程度上影响了欧元区经济的稳健增长。

延伸阅读

However, the European Union’s statistics agency recorded a strong rise in retail sales during July, a sign that increasing demand may yet push consumer prices higher, despite recent disappointments for the European Central Bank’s policy makers, who meet Wednesday and Thursday to consider the need for additional stimulus in the light of new forecasts from the central bank’s economists.

IHS Markit on Monday said its measure of private-sector activity based on that questioning and known as the composite Purchasing Managers Index fell to 52.9 from 53.2 in July. That marks a revision from its preliminary estimate, which showed a rise in August to 53.3. A reading below 50.0 signals a decline in activity, and a reading above that level indicates an expansion.

The decline in the PMI follows other recent indications that the eurozone’s already anemic recovery may be slowing further after a halving of growth in the three months to June. A survey released by the European Commission on Tuesday recorded a drop in consumer and business confidence during August, while figures from the Eurostat released Wednesday recorded an unchanged rate of unemployment in July, and a flat inflation rate in August.

Taken together, those releases suggest the Brexit vote is having some impact on the eurozone economy, although there are some puzzling aspects to the data. IHS Markit’s survey of German businesses found activity grew at the slowest pace in 15 months during August. But the big slowdown was felt by service providers, rather than the manufacturers that are more focused on exports to the U.K..