【名师带你背单词】本周单词汇总（PTE考试真题+高频考点精选）,曼拓教育微信公众号文章

曼拓教育微信平台最新推出的“名师带你背单词”，摘录了由曼拓学员反馈的PTE考试真题中的高频词汇，以及来自各类与PTE常考学科相关的文章中的高分词汇。经由曼拓名师的归纳、总结，帮助同学们提高背单词的效率，让大家背地精准，背地方便。

这些精选的单词不仅仅适用于PTE考试，更能提高英语阅读、写作能力。如果每天都能记5-10个新单词，就再也不用担心看不懂的澳洲新闻，用不上高端的写作替换词啦！

今天曼拓君整理了这一周的词汇，帮助大家复习、回顾，加深印象。

曼拓君

calorimeter biodiesel joule calorie cylinder electrodes spark ignite combust combustion gives off stir uniform probe petroleum octane pottery porcelain ceramic utilitarian ritual earthenware architectural glaze kiln delineate ornament motif intrinsic prosperous imitation instigate pigment obtainable manganese cobalt ore mute adornment pomegranate bliss emblem obscure secular lyrical

本周的单词、词组同学们都还有印象吗？如果忘记了，赶紧跟着曼拓君再复习一下。

曼拓君

接下去为大家放出PTE真题以及精选的高频考点文章

曼拓君

Retell lecture 真题：Bomb calorimeter

来源：PTE真题

Yeah this is a bomb calorimeter. This is the actual piece of equipment that researchers used to calculate the energy content of either biodiesel or maybe even the potato chips that you had for lunch today. When they calculate the amount of energy, they're going to calculate it in heat units, which would either be joules or calories. I want you to look inside the bomb calorimeter. Inside here you can see that there's a silver bucket water goes all in here and this is actually the bomb is the smaller silver cylinder. What you do is put your fuel sample in there then these two electrodes are connected to the bomb. These provide the spark that will ignite your sample. When your sample burns or combust that gives off energy.So how is the energy collected or how did how does a scientist figure out how much energy is being given off? Well it's a closed system. There's a lid here that goes on top of this calorimeter and what's in here. In the lid is a stir. The stir is going to stir the water, that's in this big pool here, so that the heat given off from the sample is going to warm the water in a uniform way. This is the temperature probe. This goes down in the water also and measures the change in temperature because as the sample is burned, it will give off heat and the temperature of the water will increase. So the lid goes on the sample is prepared. The last thing that you need to make a combustion reaction happen is oxygen and at some point during the process, some oxygen is added by a tank that's connected to the calorimeter. So we are going to burn a sample of the biodiesel that you've prepared and get some feedback on the energy content of it you'll be able to use this to compare it to petroleum-based fuels like octane.

PTE高频考点练习题：Chinese Pottery

关键词：pottery,porcelain, architectural

Chinese Pottery

China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations—despite invasions and occasional foreign rule. A country as vast as China with so long-lasting a civilization has a complex social and visual history, within which pottery and porcelain play a major role.

The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types—earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain—for vessels, architectural items such as roof tiles, and modeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use, the majority of which were produced in earthenware.

The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C., high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the seventh to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic industry.

The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip—as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value.

Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab world. So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture. From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China—that contained only a low level of manganese.

Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more muted blue-graycolor. In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably Delft. The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European market.

Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese pots. To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance. The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix, the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish, happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated success in the civil service examinations. Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.

From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Jingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.

PTE四项精品一阶班
课程简介	曼拓PTE权威名师团队打造，针对PTE零基础学员量身定制。一阶班将对PTE四项考试各题型进行讲解、围绕评分标准和要求安排课程和内容，同时分享PTE四项基本答题技巧以及机考技巧。揭开PTE考试神秘外壳，帮助大家在最短时间内掌握PTE考试规律。
开班时间	特加白班（11月14日-25日）：每周一、二、五 13：30-15:30 周末班（11月6日-13日）：周六、日10：00-12:00&13：30-15:30
课程周期	12小时，两周结课
价格	$480