往期链接：
（一）：Australian court hierarchy
在假期中的各位
过得如何~
新的一年快到了
大家2019年的学习计划又完成了多少呢~
年末的时候
小柠檬鼓励大家查漏补缺
特别是在英语方面哦~
今天仍旧是法律类词汇
legal proceeding
法律诉讼
CCL词汇系列：
1. 涵盖笔果课程五大主题：
社会福利，法律，商业，教育及医疗
2. 词汇资料文章将包含简单的词汇的相关背景知识
3. 能帮助同学们更加了解
Australian context，
加深对词汇的记忆
-1-
什么是
legal proceeding？
A legal proceeding is an activity that seeks to invoke the power of a tribunal in order to enforce a law. Legal proceedings are generally characterized by an orderly process in which participants or their representatives are able to present evidence in support of their claims, and to argue in favor of particular interpretations of the law, after which a judge, jury, or other factfinder makes a determination of the factual and legal issues.
寻求动用法庭权利 | |
特定的解释 | |
事实发现人 |
需要法院认为已经提供了法律程序的活动，如送达程序。
· Conduct of a trial, whether a lawsuit or civil trial, or a criminal trial.
审判的进行，无论是诉讼、民事审判还是刑事审判。
· Issuance and enforcement of court orders, including those imposing foreclosure or receivership.
法院命令的发布和执行，包括强制止赎或接管。
· Hearings, particularly administrative hearings.
听证会，尤其是行政听证。
仲裁
-2-
Legal proceeding中的两大类
· Civil proceedings 民事诉讼
A civil proceeding is a proceeding that is not related to a criminal matter. The Supreme Court hears many different types of civil proceedings. Usually, these civil proceedings are complex or involve large amounts of money. Sometimes a civil proceeding is heard in the Supreme Court because the law requires it.
最高法院 |
· Criminal proceeding 刑事诉讼
criminal proceeding means a proceeding for the prosecution, whether summarily or on indictment, of an offence or offences.
刑事诉讼程序是指对一项或多项罪行的检控程序，不论是否立即起诉或经起诉。
To avoid doubt, each of the following is part of a criminal proceeding :
(a)a bail proceeding;
保释程序;
(b)a committal proceeding;
交付程序
(c)the discovery, exchange, production, inspection or disclosure of intended evidence, documents and reports of persons intended to be called by a party to give evidence;
发现、交换、出示、检查或披露拟由一方要求提供证据的人的证据、文件和报告
(d)a sentencing proceeding;
量刑程序
(e)an appeal proceeding;
上诉程序;
(f)a proceeding with respect to any matter in which a person seeks a writ of mandamus or prohibition or an injunction against an officer or officers of the Commonwealth
就任何事项进行程序，在该等事项中，任何人要求对联邦的一名或多名官员发出禁令或禁令
(g)any other pre-trial, interlocutory or post-trial proceeding prescribed by regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.
本款规定的任何其他审前、中间或审后程序。
-3-
民事诉讼主要的程序
Enforcement of judgment
执行判决
-4-
民事诉讼主要程序
Criminal offenses are typically dealt with through the following routes –
– indictment
控诉
– summary prosecution
简易捡控
– infringement notice
警方罚单
Summary prosecution does not require trial by jury. Such cases are tried by a single judge. These offenses are usually less severe in nature and carry lighter penalties.
陪审团 |
Indictment prosecutions are usually meant for more severe offenses such as murder, sexual assault and armed robbery. These criminal proceedings required to be tried before a jury.
武装抢劫 |
Even where an offense is indictable, an accused may request for summary prosecution; the judge however has the final say whether to grant the request on grounds of public interest where issues of societal norms are best decided by a jury.
批准请求 | |
公共利益为由 | |
社会规范的问题 |
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