曼拓教育微信平台最新推出的“名师带你背单词”，摘录了由曼拓学员反馈的PTE考试真题中的高频词汇，以及来自各类与PTE常考学科相关的文章中的高分词汇。经由曼拓名师的归纳、总结，帮助同学们提高背单词的效率，让大家背地精准，背地方便。
这些精选的单词不仅仅适用于PTE考试，更能提高英语阅读、写作能力。如果每天都能记5-10个新单词，就再也不用担心看不懂的澳洲新闻，用不上高端的写作替换词啦！
今天曼拓君整理了这一周的词汇，帮助大家复习、回顾，加深印象。
hallucination peripheral faint auditory schizophrenia benevolent malicious curse counterpart parasitic mitochondria domain bacteria archaea eukaryote immobile symbiotic engulf serendipitous reckettsiale flagellum whip propel parasitic prey genome mitochondrion inadvertently compelling lineage predator parasitism
本周的单词、词组同学们都还有印象吗？如果忘记了，赶紧跟着曼拓君再复习一下。
Retell lecture 真题：Hallucination 幻觉
来源：PTE考试真题
A mild form of hallucination is known as a disturbance, and can occur in most of the senses above. These may be things like seeing movement in peripheral vision, or hearing faint noises and/or voices. Auditory hallucinations are very common in schizophrenia. They may be benevolent (telling the subject good things about themselves) or malicious, cursing the subject etc. Auditory hallucinations of the malicious type are frequently heard, for example people talking about the subject behind his/her back. Like auditory hallucinations, the source of the visual counterpart can also be behind the subject's back. Their visual counterpart is the feeling of being looked or stared at, usually with malicious intent. Frequently, auditory hallucinations and their visual counterpart are experienced by the subject together.
PTE高频考点练习题：《Twist in the tail of eukaryotic origins》
关键词：eukaryotic, mitochondria
Complex life may have had parasitic origins. New evidence suggests that the relatives of the mitochondria within our cells once had a tail, like many parasitic bacteria.
Life on Earth is packaged into three domains: the simple bacteria, the archaea, and the complex eukaryotes that make up most of the life we see with the naked eye.The first eukaryotes appeared around 2 billion years ago. One popular theory suggests they did so after an immobile bacterium was ingested by an archaeon. The bacterium somehow escaped being digested and instead formed a symbiotic relationship with its consumer. As that relationship blossomed, the engulfed bacteria evolved into mitochondria – the energy producers in our cells.
Nathan Lo at the University of Sydney in Australia and Claudio Bandi at the University of Milan, Italy, and colleagues think it is time to view this serendipitous encounter in a different light. They say that a few bacteria within the Rickettsiales – the closest genetic match to mitochondria – carry genes for a flagellum, a whip-like tail that some bacteria use to propel themselves.That suggests that the bacteria might once have been mobile, like many parasitic bacteria. “Our results indicate that the mitochondrial ancestor may have acted as a parasite rather than prey,” says Lo.The team focused on Midichloriamitochondrii, a relatively little-known member of the Rickettsiales. Although the Rickettsiales do not boast a flagellum, the Midichloria genome contained 26 genes that help to build one in other bacteria. “We thought, that’s strange,” says Lo. “Where the hell did these genes come from?”Bacteria take an open approach to sharing genetic information, so it’s possible that Midichloria picked up the genes from a distant relative that does carry a flagellum. To make sure that wasn’t the case, the team, led by Davide Sassera, also of the University of Milan, built an evolutionary tree incorporating Midichloria and a number of unrelated bacteria, using just the information in the flagella genes.If Midichloria had obtained these genes from an unrelated bacteria, the two would have appeared to share a close evolutionary history. In fact, the tree placed Midichloria exactly where the team expected the Rickettsiales to be, confirming that the flagella genes must have been an ancient feature of this group. “Midichloria has hung on to these genes and everyone else in the group has lost them,” says Lo.If the original mitochondrion also had a tail, it may have invaded an archaeon as a parasite – inadvertently creating the first eukaryote in the process, Lo adds. “We are changing the story.”“The authors have made a compelling case for flagella being present in the lineage leading to mitochondria,” saysAnthony Poole of the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. “We need to think more broadly than a passive predator-prey scenario.”Nick Lane at University College London agrees that the ancestral mitochondrion may have had a tail, but he is not convinced that it was a parasite. “Parasitic relationships don’t benefit the host cell,” he says.Lo defends his position, however. “Many symbiotic relationships start as parasitism,” he says. “They give up fighting each other and then work together.”
| PTE四项精品一阶班 |
| 课程简介 | 曼拓PTE权威名师团队打造，针对PTE零基础学员量身定制。一阶班将对PTE四项考试各题型进行讲解、围绕评分标准和要求安排课程和内容，同时分享PTE四项基本答题技巧以及机考技巧。揭开PTE考试神秘外壳，帮助大家在最短时间内掌握PTE考试规律。 |
| 开班时间 | 特加白班（11月14日-25日）：每周一、二、五 13：30-15:30 |
| 课程周期 | 12小时，两周结课 |
| 价格 | $480
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2、曼拓教育官方微信平台：mentoreducation3、添加曼拓教育课程咨询：mentorsyd 或扫码添加
4、直接前来曼拓教育：Suite 401, 630 George Street, Sydney, 2000
