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亚马逊到底有没有大火？
黄威老师
雅培英语非名师
地球之肺-亚马逊雨林
* 以下为答案精选，原文请看文章最后链接
1. Why are there fires? Is it Bolsonaro's men doing it to clear rainforest for mining/farming etc?
为什么会有火灾，是不是巴西总统(Bolosonaro)为了采矿和农业焚烧森林的？
Mr. Bolosonaro thinks that smaller groups of people are more responsible for starting the fires than big corporations selling beef and soy, which could run the risk of being boycotted.
总统先生相信小群体，比起大公司，更应该对这场亚马逊火灾负责，因为大公司这样做激发抵制，而小群体则不会。
Boycott 抵制 v.
2. The number of fires seems like a bad metric, because the size of fires varies. Is there year-on-year data on the total area affected?
火灾的数量看起来在持续变糟，但是有没有具体的数据呢？
On 20 August, Brazil's satellite agency said there had been an 84% increase in the number of fires compared with the same period in 2018. That is less than in 2005 during the same period, when the number of fires was at its highest.
在今年8月20号，巴西公布的数据是今年的亚马逊火灾比起2018年上升了84%，但是比起史上最高的2005年更少。
3. What's being done to stop the fires?
目前有没有什么阻止火灾的措施？
Brazil's government stepped up its response. Mr Bolsonaro has called in the armed forces, who have more resources to tackle the fires, including the use of helicopters and aeroplanes to drop water.
巴西政府加紧了他们的火灾处理。总统部署了军队来处理火灾，包括使用直升飞机和飞机来洒水。
step up 加紧 v.
4. The coverage on this subject has only come to light recently because of the #PrayforAmazonas and #PrayforAmazonia hashtag. Why have you not reported it?
最近因为有‘为亚马逊祈福’的hashtag这个话题才火起来的，为什么BBC没有报道呢？
We and other news outlets published several reports this summer about the extent of deforestation in the Amazon - here's one report we wrote on 2 July, another from 20 July and another from 2 August.
我们早在7月22号和8月2号就持续报道了亚马逊的去林化现象。
The first real sign vast burning was taking place came when a daytime blackout, caused by smoke from the Amazon, hit Sao Paulo on Monday, 19 August. We first published an article a day later, just a few hours after our colleagues at BBC Brasil, and we've kept updating it ever since.
大火的第一迹象是烟雾把白天变成了黑夜，这是在8月19号发生的。我们当天就发布了该新闻，随后又进行了持续跟踪报道。
（内心OS：我们早就发了，你们又不看。微博看到了杂七杂八的信息就来喷我？）
blackout 变暗（可以表示停电或者昏迷）n.
5. Is this a natural, healthy way the forest self-clears for new growth?
大火是不是森林的自然重生方式？
This is not the situation right now in the Amazon, says Yadvinder Malhi, Professor of Ecosystem Science at the University of Oxford. He believes the driving force behind the fire is human rather than natural. 2019 has not been a drought year. Professor Malhi says there is such a large number of fires because people have lit them.
并不是的。来自于牛津大学的马里教授说到。他相信火灾背后的原因是人为而不是自然的，2019年不是一个旱年，所以这些火不会自然发生，而是又人点燃的。
lit 点燃 v.
6. How quickly does the Amazon rainforest regenerate after a fire?
亚马逊需要多久才能从大火中恢复？
The forest takes around 20-40 years if it's allowed to regenerate," says Prof Malhi. "Once you've had multiple fires there's the chance of permanent damage," he says.
森林需要花上20到40年来从大火中恢复，而一旦大火反复发生，这将会对森林造成永久性的伤害。
permanent 永久性的adj.
7. If this current trend were to continue at its present rate, how long would the Amazon rainforest area survive?
如果大火以这样的方式每年出现，那么亚马逊能撑多久呢？
"We are at an early stage where we can still do lots to save the forest," says Prof Malhi. About 80% of the Amazon is still intact.
我们还处在一个可以拯救森林的阶段，80%的森林已经完好无损。
If 30-40% of the Amazon was cleared, then there would be a danger of changing the forest's entire climate, he says.
而一旦超过了30%的森林被损毁，整个森林的生态系统就会遭到破坏。
"If Brazil were to return to that, it would take around 50-60 years to deforest 40% of the Amazon," Prof Malhi says. "But in eastern and southern Amazonia it would take only 20-30 years to reach that threshold."
如果巴西持续以现有的方式砍伐森林，则会花50-60年来砍伐掉亚马逊40%的森林，马里教授说。但是东和南亚马逊可能花20-30年就会被砍伐到这个阈值。
threshold. 阈值(临界值) n.
8. What percentage of oxygen does the Amazon supply?
亚马逊贡献了地球氧气的百分之多少？
Many claims on social media that the Amazon produces about 20% of the world's oxygen. But academics say this is a very common misconception, and that the figure is less than 10%
很多人在社交媒体上称亚马逊产生了世界上20%的氧气，但是学者认为这个是一个错误的概念，亚马逊产生的氧气是地球总氧气量的10%。
But this isn't the whole story. In the long run, the Amazon absorbs about the same amount of oxygen as it produces, effectively making the total produced net zero.
但是这还没完，从长远上来看，亚马逊吸收的氧气和它所产生的氧气是一样的。这使得亚马逊产生的净氧气量几乎为0。
net 净 n. in the long run 长期来看
9.Will the smoke from these fires have an effect on global weather in future months?
这些烟雾会不会对全球气候产生影响？
Prof Malhi says the immediate effect of the fires will be on the climate of South America. Reduced rain fall is likely, leading to a more intensive dry season.
马里教授说：短期上大火会影响南美的气候，减少降雨和造成干旱的季节。
In the long-term, scientists have told the BBC the fires could make the Paris climate target more difficult to achieve. The global treaty aims to limit average temperature rise to well below two degrees Celsius to avoid dangerous climate change.
长期来看，科学家认为这场大火会使得巴黎气候协议（特朗普退出的那个）变得难以实现，而该协议旨在将全球温度变暖控制在两度以内。
10.How are these fires affecting the indigenous people?
大火将如何影响当地土著居民？
"It's hard to overstate the importance of these forests for indigenous peoples," he says. "They depend on them for food, medicines, clothing and a sense of identity and belonging.
我无法更多的强调森林对应当地土著居民的重要性。他们依赖森林来获取食物，药材，衣物和归属感。
But the incentives to steal these resources are high and "sadly it's not a question of one or two rogue actors", Mr Mazower says. He says this could be the "worst moment for the indigenous people of the Amazon" since the military dictatorship, which ended in the 1980s.
但是从他们手中窃取这些资源的行为持续增长，而且这并不是个例。这对于当地土著来说是从1980年被军队统治以来最糟的时刻。
原文链接：
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49450925
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