Saying what a text is about 如何描述文章的内容

英文用法：The book is about homeless people in the cities. 

中文翻译：这本书写的是城市中无家可归的人们。

英文用法：The report deals with the issue of homelessness in London. 

中文翻译：这篇报道是关于伦敦的无家可归问题。

英文用法：The writer discusses the problems faced by homeless people. 

中文翻译：作者讨论了无家可归者面临的种种问题。

英文用法：The article presents an overview of the issues surrounding homelessness. 

中文翻译：这篇文章概述了有关无家可归的种种问题。

英文用法：The novel explores the theme of friendship among homeless people. 

中文翻译：这部小说探究了无家可归的人之间的友谊这个主题。

英文用法：The first chapter examines the relationship between homelessness and drug addiction. 

中文翻译：第一章考察了无家可归与吸毒成瘾之间的关系。

英文用法：The paper considers the question of why so many young people become homeless. 

中文翻译：这篇论文论述了为何如此多的年轻人变得无家可归的问题。

Reporting someone's opinion 陈述某人的观点

英文用法：Photography is, according to Vidal, the art form of untalented people. 

中文翻译：据维达尔所言，摄影是没有天赋的人的艺术形式。

英文用法：For Vidal, photography is the art form of untalented people. 

中文翻译：对维达尔来说，摄影是没有天赋的人的艺术形式。

英文用法：His view is that photography is not art but merely the mechanical reproduction of images. 

中文翻译：他的观点是摄影不是艺术，而只是机械地复制图像。

英文用法：Smith takes the view that photography is both an art and a science. 

中文翻译：史密斯所持的观点是：摄影既是一门艺术也是一门科学。

英文用法：In Brown's view, photography should be treated as a legitimate art in its own right. 

中文翻译：在布朗看来，摄影本身就应该被视为一种正当的艺术。

英文用法：James is of the opinion that a good painter can always be a good photographer if he or she so decides. 

中文翻译：詹姆斯认为一个好的画家定能成为一个好的摄影师，只要他／她一心这样做。

英文用法：Emerson believed that a photograph should only reflect what the human eye can see. 

中文翻译：埃默森认为照片应该只是反映人们肉眼所能见到的东西。

Adding another item 补充说明

英文用法：Bilingual children do better in IQ tests than children who speak only one language. In addition/What is more, they seem to find it easier to learn third or even fourth languages. 

中文翻译：讲两种语言的儿童比只讲一种语言的儿童智商测试得分更高。此外／而且，讲两种 语言的儿童似乎在学习第三甚至第四种语言时觉得更容易。

英文用法：Learning another language not only improves children's job prospects in later life, but also boosts their self-esteem. 

中文翻译：学习另一种语言不仅可以提升儿童未来的职业前景，而且可以增强他们的自尊心。

英文用法：Teaching children a second language improves their job prospects in later life. Other benefits include increased self-esteem and greater tolerance of other cultures. 

中文翻译：教儿童第二语言可以提升他们未来的职业前景。此外，还可以使他们获得更强的自 信心，对其他文化更包容。

英文用法：Another/One further/One additional reason for encouraging bilingual education is that it boosts children's self-esteem. 

中文翻译：另一个鼓励双语教育的原因是它能增强儿童的自尊心。

英文用法：Studies suggest that bilingual children find it easier to learn additional languages. There is, moreover, increasing evidence that bilingual children perform better across a range of school subjects, not just foreign languages. 

中文翻译：研究表明，讲两种语言的儿童学习其他语言觉得更容易。此外，越来越多的证据表 明，讲两种语言的儿童不仅在外语学习上，同时在其他各门学科的学习上都表现得 更好。

英文用法：His claim that children find bilingual education confusing is based on very little evidence. Moreover, the evidence he does provide is seriously flawed. 

中文翻译：他认为双语教育会使儿童感到迷惑的说法几乎是没有依据的。况且，他仅有的证据 也是有严重缺陷的。

英文用法：Research has shown that first-language development is not impeded by exposure to a second language. Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the claim that children find bilingual education confusing. 

中文翻译：研究已经表明，接触第二语言不会妨碍第一语言的发展。而且，没有证据支持双语 教育使儿童感到迷惑这种说法。

Verbs for reporting an opinion 陈述观点的动词

英文用法：Some critics argue that Picasso remained a great master all his life.

中文翻译： 一些评论家认为毕加索毕生都是一位大师。

英文用法：Others maintain that there is a significant deterioration in quality in his post-war work. 

中文翻译：其他人坚称他战后的作品质量明显下降。

英文用法：Picasso himself claimed that good art is created, but great art is stolen. 

中文翻译：毕加索自己声称，好的艺术是创造出来的，伟大的艺术却是偷来的。

英文用法：As Smith has noted, Picasso borrowed imagery from African art. 

中文翻译：正如史密斯所述，毕加索借用了非洲艺术的意象。

英文用法：As the author points out, Picasso borrowed imagery from African art. 

中文翻译：正如作者指出的那样，毕加索借用了非洲艺术的意象。

英文用法：The writer challenges the notion that Picasso's sculpture was secondary to his painting. 

中文翻译：作者对这种观点表示质疑，即毕加索的雕塑不及他的绘画。

英文用法：It has been suggested that Picasso's painting was influenced by jazz music. 

中文翻译：据说毕加索的绘画受到爵士乐的影响。

Explaining reasons 解释原因

英文用法：The number of people with diabetes is growing, partly because of an increase in levels of obesity. 

中文翻译：患糖尿病的人数不断上升，部份原因是肥胖人数增加。

英文用法：The number of overweight children has increased dramatically in recent years, largely as a result of changes in diet and lifestyle. 

中文翻译：近年来肥胖儿童的数量急剧上升，很大程度上是由饮食和生活方式的改变引起的。

英文用法：The increase in childhood obesity is largely due to/the result of changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years. 

中文翻译：肥胖儿童人数的增多主要是过去二十年来饮食和生活方式的改变所致。

英文用法：Many obese children are bullied at school on account of their weight. 

中文翻译：许多肥胖儿童因为其体重问题在学校受到欺负。

英文用法：Part of the problem with treating childhood obesity stems from the fact that parents do not always recognize that their children are obese. 

中文翻译：治疗肥胖儿童的困难部份源自父母有时并不认为自己的孩子肥胖。

英文用法：Childhood obesity may be caused by genetic factors, as well as environmental ones. 

中文翻译：儿童肥胖既可能由环境因素引起，也可能是遗传因素所致。

X causes Y * X 导致 Y

英文用法：Childhood obesity can cause/lead to long-term health problems. 

中文翻译：儿童肥胖可能导致长期的健康问题。

英文用法：Changes in lifestyle and diet over the last twenty years have caused/led to/resulted in a sharp increase in childhood obesity. 

中文翻译：过去二十年生活方式及饮食的变化导致肥胖儿童数量急剧上升。

英文用法：Several factors, including changes in diet and lifestyle, have contributed to the increase in childhood obesity. 

中文翻译：包括饮食及生活方式变化在内的多个因素促使肥胖儿童数量增加。

英文用法：Research suggests that fast food and soft drinks directly contribute to childhood obesity. 

中文翻译：研究表明快餐和软饮料会直接导致儿童肥胖。

英文用法：Genetics, lifestyle and diet are all important factors in cases of childhood obesity. 

中文翻译：基因、生活方式和饮食都是造成儿童肥胖的重要因素。

英文用法：Even small changes in lifestyle and diet can bring about significant weight loss. 

中文翻译：甚至生活方式及饮食的细微变化都可能带来明显的体重下降。

Summing up an argument 总结论点

英文用法：In conclusion, the study has provided useful insights into the issues relating to people's perception of crime. 

中文翻译：综上所述，本研究为人们对犯罪活动的认识问题提供了有益的见解。

英文用法：Based on this study, it can be concluded that the introduction of new street lighting did not reduce reported crime. 

中文翻译：基于这项研究可以得出这样的结论：增加街道照明设备并没有使犯罪案件报案数 量减少。

英文用法：To sum up, no evidence can be found to support the view that improved street lighting reduces reported crime. 

中文翻译：总而言之，没有证据表明街道照明的改进能使犯罪案件报案数量减少。

英文用法：The available evidence clearly leads to the conclusion that the media do have an influence on the public perception of crime. 

中文翻译：现有证据显然可以得出这一结论：公众对犯罪活动的认识确实受到媒体的影响。

英文用法：The main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that public perception of crime is significantly influenced by crime news reporting. 

中文翻译：本研究可以得出的一个主要结论是：公众对犯罪活动的认识受到犯罪新闻报道的 很大影响。

英文用法：This study has shown that people's fear of crime is out of all proportion to crime itself. 

中文翻译：本研究表明，人们对犯罪活动的恐惧与犯罪活动本身并不相称。

英文用法：Fear of crime is out of all proportion to the actual level of crime, and the reasons for this can be summarized as follows. First…

中文翻译：对犯罪活动的恐惧与实际犯罪水平并不相称，其原因可归结为以下几点。 第一，…

英文用法：Overall/In general, women are more likely than men to feel insecure walking alone after dark. 

中文翻译：一般情况下，天黑后独自行走，女人比男人更容易感到不安全。