写作评分标准对7分Grammar 的要求是:“use a variety of complex structure, produce frequent error-free sentences, has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few mistakes”。
原来连标点符号也是语法问题!要拿7分就要能够写出各种不同的语法结构!相信大家对单复数时态问题已经很警觉了,但是标点符号怎么用,怎样才能写出不同结构的句子,可能很多同学为此头痛。
大家在写作中经常会用到“and”和“so”这两个词,其实他们就是coordinator。Coordinators 是用于连接语法上平等的结构的。除了连接句子,他们还可以连接主语(you and I), 动词(tripled or fell), 形容词(a large yet athletic man), 副词(moved quickly but carefully)等形成平行结构。在雅思当中押韵的平行结构也是一个得分点,如:efficient and effective。
英文一共有7个coordinators,一起简称为FANBOYS:
不难发现,这些连接词是可以表达逻辑的。通过加入coordinator 把两个简单句变成一个复合句是一种更高层次的语法现象。
例如: Tim played football. Anna went shopping. 这两个简单句通过加入不同的coordinator他们的逻辑关系也会改变:
Timplayed football, for Anna went shopping.
Timplayed football, so Anna went shopping.
Timplayed football, and Anna went shopping.
需要注意的是,若连接两个句子,在coordinators 前必须添加逗号(,)。
2.通过分号“;”连接句子(Connecting sentences with semicolons)
它通常是在当两个句子存在明显逻辑关系,不需额外解析的情况下使用的。
Alaska has very long and cold winter; not many people want to live there.
Jay said he was eating too much; however, he at a second piece of cake.
必须指出是semicolon 连接了句子而不是“therefore”连接了句子。
另外标点符号要重视: semicolon comes first, conjunctive adverb comes next and the comma comes last !